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电介质的电导

来源：detroitsignfactory.com     更新时间：2018-08-03

       从电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)机理来看,电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)可分(fen)为(wei)离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)。离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)以离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)载流(liu)体,而电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)以自(zi)由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)载流(liu)体。理想的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)是(shi)不含带(dai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)质(zhi)点的,更没(mei)有自(zi)由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。但实(shi)际工(gong)程上所用的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)或多或少总含有一些(xie)带(dai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)质(zhi)点(主(zhu)要是(shi)杂质(zhi)离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)),这些(xie)离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)联系非常弱,甚(shen)至成自(zi)由(you)(you)状态;有些(xie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)或外界(jie)因(yin)素影响(xiang)下(如(ru)紫(zi)外线辐射(she)),本身(shen)就会离解(jie)成正负离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。它们在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)作(zuo)用下,沿电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)方向移(yi)动,形成了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),这就是(shi)离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)中的自(zi)由(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则主(zhu)要是(shi)在(zai)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)作(zuo)用下,离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)碰撞、游离激发出来的,这些(xie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)场(chang)作(zuo)用下移(yi)动,形成电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。当电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)中出现电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)时,就表明电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)已经被击穿,因(yin)而不能再(zai)作(zuo)绝缘体使用。因(yin)此,一般说电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介(jie)(jie)质(zhi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)都是(shi)指离子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)(dao)(dao)。

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